\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “Arab Media & Society” \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646: \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u066c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n
\u0644\u0642\u062f \u063a\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 (Edgerly, 2015; Jackson 2016).<\/p>\n
\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646” (Lewis, 2012)\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640\u0640 (Lippman, 1992) \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 “\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0646\u0627”\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (Lewis, 2012).<\/p>\n
\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 (Laswell, 1948) \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u066c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f (Lewis, 1994) \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0647\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 “\u0639\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645” \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b\u066c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u066c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u066c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n
\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u066c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u066c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n
\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a (Shuman, 2015).<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u061b \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c 2017)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a” \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646.<\/p>\n
\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 “MTC”\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0645 (Gyldensted, 2011)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 (McIntyre & Sobel, 2014)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629<\/b>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631 (Pew Research Center, 2012; Pew Research Center 2011).<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631 (Sillesen, 2014)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 “Geri Weis-Corbley”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 “Good News”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640\u0640 silver lining\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Beam et.al, 2009).<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0662) \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 (\u0641\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0666) \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a (Ayrouth\u060c 2013) \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u066c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0640\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629” \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u066c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a” \u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621”\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u066c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u066c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u061f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u061f\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0647\u066c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629: \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u066c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n
\u062a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u066c 2017)\u066c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n
\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0647\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 (\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0660)\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u066c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 -\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644- \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u066c \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Levitz \u060c2015).<\/p>\n
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u066c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u066c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u066c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0662)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u061b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u066c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u066c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a”\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0630\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u066c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0667)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n
\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 (Kraidy, 2014) \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u066c \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u066c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0633\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n
\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: Arab Media & Society<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “Arab Media & Society” \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3506,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3505","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-and-reports"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/almethaq-sy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3505","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/almethaq-sy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/almethaq-sy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almethaq-sy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almethaq-sy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3505"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/almethaq-sy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3505\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3507,"href":"https:\/\/almethaq-sy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3505\/revisions\/3507"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almethaq-sy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3506"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/almethaq-sy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3505"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almethaq-sy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3505"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almethaq-sy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3505"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}